瑞典2号Plastic小屋
Plastic House II / Unit Arkitektur AB

由专筑网李韧，曹逸希编译

来自建筑事务所的描述：哥德堡西部位于瑞典的第四大岛屿希辛延岛（Hisingen）。当从哥德堡中部地区来到希辛延岛西部，在到达海岸之前，你会经过沃尔沃汽车生产基地和轮渡码头，人们会在这里乘船往返于希辛延岛和北部岛屿群之间。在Hjulvik轮渡码头的北部，从希辛延岛海平面到Bohusläns滨海地区有着独特的景观美景，既有古老的片麻岩，也有花岗岩景观。在距离基地1公里处，你还能够远远地看到轮渡码头。这片区域名叫“Hästevik”，在10年前，建筑师曾经为客户设计了1号Plastic小屋。这个客户现在买下了这块地，准备建造2号Plastic小屋，这里距离1号小屋并不远，只有几公里，因此他们想用新建的单层住宅作为1号Plastic小屋空间的补充，度过夏日时光。

Text description provided by the architects. West of Gothenburg lies Sweden’s fourth biggest island – Hisingen. Travelling from the centre of Gothenburg towards the western side of Hisingen, you first pass Volvos industrial production units before reaching the coast and the ferry terminal which connects Hisingen to the northern archipelago. Just north of Hjulvik′s ferry terminal, a shift in the landscape occurs - from Hisingens plains (former seafloor) to Bohusläns coastal landscape with its ancient and sweeping outcrops of gneiss and granite. The last kilometre to the site winds and rises before finally you are rewarded with a great view back towards the ferry terminal. This area is called Hästevik. The clients for the Plastic house II are the same as for our first built house ten years before – Plastic house I. They have now bought this real estate, some kilometres from the old house, and wanted to complement the existing summer house with a new single-story house.

平面图/Floor Plan 1

这个家庭有着3个孩子，同其他地区一样，Hästevik的许多地区已经从大多数夏日住宅转变为长期住宅。由于当地的建造规范的宽松性，小房子已经被更大的房屋所取代。这些建造项目对于自然还是产生了一定的影响，原始海岸线在一定程度上受到破坏。山地被挖掘用作地下室，许多山谷也被填平。西海岸的海岸线和自然山脉正在逐渐消失。对建筑师来说，在该项目的设计过程中有两个问题至关重要，其一是将景观视野最大化，第二则是将对自然的影响最小化。建筑师将房屋主体和基础部分拆开，唯一留下的部分是山上凿出的19个孔，用于放置柱网。另外，为了进一步减少占地面积，排水沟设置于地面之上，并在其上覆盖着一层泥土。

The family has three kids. Hästevik has, as many areas, been transformed from having mostly summer houses to become a permanent residential area. Building permits have been handed out liberally and small houses have been replaced with bigger ones. The effects on nature have been so considerable that almost no trace of the original coastal character is left. Basements have been sunken into the mountains, crevices and valleys levelled and fundaments introduced, creating terraces and lawns. The sweeping lines and the exposed mountains natural to the West coast have been blown away, bit by bit. For us, two things were fundamental during the design process of Plastic house II. First to maximize the fantastic view and second to minimize the impact on nature. We can basically demount the house and the only thing left would be the 19 holes drilled in the mountain for the pillars. To reduce the footprint further the drains have been placed above ground and covered with a layer of earth.

整个设计过程力求简约，但又不失奢华，建筑的整体感就如同五十年代在加利福尼亚州建造的Case Study住宅一样。像是独具吸引力的露营空间，建筑结构简单实用，内部居住空间却宽敞明亮。同时，建筑师在材料选择和几何形态中表达了不对称性，来避免过多的运用经典的现代主义元素。建筑平面布局非常简单，私人区域面向东面，毗邻花岗岩海岸的公共区域面向西面，这两个部分界线位于建筑的中轴线上。公共区域设置有厨房和起居室，这些空间通过推拉门与儿童房间隔开。

We strove to keep the design simple and at the same time retain a luxurious feel as in the Case Study Houses built in the early fifties in California. A kind of glamour camping. A simplicity and comprehensibility in the built structure but with generous living qualities. At the same time, we tried to build in dissonances both in the material palette and the actual geometric composition, to avoid too much of a classic modernism. The floor plan is simple - private areas facing east and the public area, with direct access to the adjacent granite rocks, facing west. The division between the two parts lies at the centre of the house, along with the longitudinal axis. The public area with kitchen and living room can be separated from the kid’s living area by means of a sliding door.

剖面图/Section

建筑由19根圆形的支柱支撑着，直径为80毫米。每根圆柱都设置于300毫米深的钻孔中，并且通过膨胀石膏固定。圆柱的定位和高度都通过现场测量而决定，这样能够在镀锌前进行预制工作。这些圆柱支撑着3根HEA200横梁，这些结构部件支撑着整座建筑的荷载。所有钢部件都覆盖着白色镀锌粉末层，这些结构施工工作于两个星期内完成。在钢部件的顶部设置有预制木框架，其建造时间甚至不到3个星期。建筑下部覆盖着白色穿孔波纹铝板，所有的金属部件都覆盖着涂层铝。住宅的窗户通过Schüchos系统建造而成，建筑立面与1 号Plastic小屋运用的是同样的设计逻辑，立面上是5毫米厚的透明PPMA面板，它通过尼龙丙烯酸泡绵胶带粘合在立式金属板立柱之上，从而避免构件的直接暴露，同时也能解决热胀冷缩问题，如果后期需要更换，这些面板也很容易拆卸。

The house is supported by 19 circular 80 mm columns. Each column is placed in a drilled hole (300 mm deep) and has been fixed with an expanding plaster. The locations and the heights of the columns have been measured in on-site to enable prefabrication before the galvanization. The columns support three HEA 200 beams that support the whole house. All steelwork is galvanized and powder-coated in white. The complete steel construction was carried out in two weeks. On top of the steel, a prefabricated wooden frame was mounted in less than three weeks. The underside of the house has been covered with white perforated corrugated aluminium. Due to the exposed position, all other metalwork consists of coated aluminium. The windows have been built with Schüchos system. The facade is a development of the system we created for Plastic house I. A façade with 5 mm opaque PMMA is taped with velcro acrylic foam tape mounted on standing sheet metal studs, to avoid exposed fixings and to handle the thermal expansion. The sheets can then easily be demounted if need of replacement.

场地平面图/Site Plan

平面图/Floor Plan 2

立面图/Elevation 1

立面图/Elevation 2

细节/Detail 1

细节/Detail 2

细节剖面图/Detail Section 1

细节剖面图/Detail Section 2

建筑设计：Unit Arkitektur AB
地点：瑞典
主创建筑师：Principals Mikael Frej & Klas Moberg
面积：200.0 m2
项目时间：2017年
摄影：Per Nadén
通风系统：VVS-miljö Göteborg
静力学设计：KIB Uddevalla

Architects: Unit Arkitektur AB
Location: Sweden
Lead Architects: Principals Mikael Frej & Klas Moberg
Area: 200.0 m2
Project Year: 2017
Photographs: Per Nadén
Ventilation: VVS-miljö Göteborg
Statics: KIB Uddevalla


出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。