© Martina Gemmola. ImageCasa de Gatos / WOWOWA Architects

How to Choose Kitchen Countertops: Advantages, Disadvantages and Inspiration

由专筑网小R，王雪纯编译

厨房是住宅项目中最为实用的空间，每个台面下都是厨房的各项设备。因此，厨房的各个台面应该使用耐腐蚀且容易清洁的材料，除此之外，它们还要适应每个家庭的不同需求，同时保证美观。

One of the most practical and functional spaces of any residential project is the kitchen. Its artificial surfaces – be it countertops, kitchen benches, or coverings – contain most of the space's equipment. Thus, it’s essential to build kitchens with the most resistant and hygienic materials. Aside from these requirements, it's also important to pay attention to aesthetics and profitability, while adapting the space to the dynamics of each family.


© Sandra Pereznieto. Imagealbino ortega house / Rozana Montiel | Estudio de Arquitectura

在接下来的文章之中，我们收集了最为常用的厨房材料，并且分析了其中的优缺点。

花岗岩

花岗岩是一种天然材料，有着独特的肌理与色彩，同时它又具有耐热性，是厨房和浴室的理想材料。

In the following article, we have gathered some of the most common kitchen materials used today and noted the advantages and disadvantages of each one.

Granite
Granite is a natural stone with a unique print and colors. Since it is relatively heat resistant, it is the most preferred option for kitchens and bathrooms.


© Christopher Frederick-Jones. ImageResidencia B&B / Hogg&Lamb

优点
   
持久性，易于清洁与维护，成本较低，抗冲击。

缺点

不耐酸。

Advantages
Long-lasting. Easy to clean and maintain. Excellent cost-benefit ratio. Impact-resistant.

Disadvantages
Not resistant to acidic food or products.


© Fernando Gomulya. ImageFlick House / Delution

大理石

大理石较为复杂，它有着优雅的外观形态，这种材料由天然石灰石制作而成，因此成分较为独特。

Marble
Marble may be one of the most sophisticated material options due to its imposing and elegant appearance. Since it's made of natural limestone, each streak of its composition is unique.


© Robert Watson Photography. ImageCurvy Eco Home / Craig Race Architecture

优点
   
有着较高的美学价值与耐热性，并且易于清洁。

缺点
   
大理石较为昂贵，且孔隙率较高，抗冲击力也较低，因此必须结合使用抗菌材质进行密封。

Advantages
High aesthetic value and heat resistant. It is a homogeneous material and easy to clean.

Disadvantages
Extremely expensive. It must be sealed with antibacterial staining and antibacterial resin due to its high porosity. Low impact resistance.


© Scott Frances. ImageShore House / LSS

人造石材

人造石材一般由诸如大理石或石英灯天然矿物材料制作而成，再结合特定的树脂。使用人造石材时需要和专业供应商合作才能保证质量。

Artificial Stones
Artificial stones are generally made from shredded natural minerals like marble or quartz, which are mixed with a specific resin. When designing with artificial stones, it is necessary to work with serious providers or companies to ensure their quality.


© Jack Jérôme. ImageCasa Rivard / L’Abri

优点

人造石一般为标准化工业生产，其表面表面孔隙率不高，因此后期易于清洗和维护，同时还有多种色彩与表面形态可供选择。

缺点

相较于传统材料，人工石材耐热性与吸收性较弱。

Advantages
Artificial stones are a standardized and homogeneous material, given their industrialized production. Surfaces made of this material are not porous, and do not stain, so they can be easily maintained and cleaned. They have a wide range of colors and finishes.

Disadvantages
Costly in comparison to more conventional options. Low resistance to heat and absorption.


© Mike Baker. ImageThe Courtyard House / Auhaus Architecture


© Alain Brugier. ImageDijon Kitchen / Diego Revollo Arquitetura

瓷砖

瓷砖台面目前是流行的趋势，其抵抗力较好，并且耐用性与持久性也同样出色。

Porcelain Tile
Porcelain tile countertops are trending and are here to stay. They are relatively resistant, plus their durability and impermeability stand out as their main advantages.


Triple Barn House / Mork-Ulnes Architects. Image © Bruce Damonte

若想打造出丰富的效果，那么陶瓷是极佳的选项，它由应用于地面与墙体之中的同种外部材料制作而成，因此可以让项目整体看起来更加统一，而它也是唯一能够和其他诸如大理石、木材、混凝土等材料结合使用的表面材料。

Porcelain is, without a doubt, one of the materials that offer the most finish options, since it is made from the same coating that is specialized for floors and walls and thus makes projects with unique combinations possible. It is also the only option that can be manipulated to resemble other materials like marble, wood, or concrete, among others.


Via Dornbracht. ImageKitchen Fittings - Elio

优点

这种材料吸水率低，并且耐磨耐腐蚀，同时也易于清洁。

缺点
   
在使用瓷砖饰面时，需要与专业公司进行合作，以保证质量。而瓷砖同样也需要结合固定结构来使用。

Advantages
Aside from its large number of finishing options, it barely absorbs any water and is very resistant to physical and chemical abrasion. Porcelain is also easy to clean.

Disadvantages
When designing with porcelain, it is necessary to work with specialized companies to guarantee impact resistance. Porcelain must also be implemented with a reinforced structure.


不锈钢

不锈钢有着很好的抗渗透性，因此能够保证台面的无菌状态，因此是商业厨房的最佳使用选项。这种材料对于热量和细菌都有抵抗力，但是生产成本较高，不适合住宅中的厨房。

Stainless Steel
Stainless steel is an option that ensures one of the the highest rates of asepsis due to its impermeability. It is one of the best materials to use in industrial kitchens because of its resistance to heat and bacteria, and it would likely be used more often in residential kitchens as well if it were not for its high production cost.


© Francis Pelletier . ImageLa Luge / YH2 Architecture

优点

卫生、实用、持久。

缺点
   
昂贵，易有刮痕。

Advantages
Very hygienic, practical, and long-lasting.

Disadvantages
Highly expensive and scratches extremely easily.


© Michael Evans. ImageEvans House / A4ESTUDIO


© Bill Timmerman. ImageBlackbird House / Will Bruder Architects

混凝土

木材和混凝土不仅适用于乡村厨房，也适合现代场所。这种材料具有高耐热性和经济性，并且混凝土的上色也有较多可应用的技术，因此这种表面的使用非常丰富。

Concrete
Wood and concrete are similarly effective for finishes of rustic kitchens, as well as for more contemporary features. This is a highly resistant and economic material. There are many techniques for coloring the concrete, which widens the variety of possible finishes to be applied.


© Christian Maldonado. ImageFVB House / Claudia Haguiara Arquitetura

优点
   
外观丰富，经济实惠，只需混凝土和水即可。

缺点
   
这种材料需要特定的设计来防止渗透，因为它孔隙率较高，抗污渍能力也较弱一些，混凝土并不卫生，因此使用时还是结合石材或是玻璃等材料较好一些。

Advantages
Its appearance is versatile and its production is economic, requiring only concrete, sand and water.

Disadvantages
It requires the use of specific products to prevent infiltration. It is highly porous and has little resistance to stains. Concrete is not a hygienic material and it is recommended to use stone or glass tables when handling food around it.


© Ricardo Oliveira Alves. ImageSea Front Villa / ARQ TAILOR'S Architecture & Interiors

木材

木材是既可使用于乡村地区，也可使用于城市地区的通用材料，它看起来温暖且实用，一般来说，橡木、核桃木、山毛榉木材都是较常使用的建筑材料。

Wood
One of the most versatile materials for composing various ambiances, from rustic to contemporary. It provides warmth and is very practical to install. Oak, walnut, and beech are the most commonly used in construction.


© Florian Holzherr. ImageThe Black House / Buero Wagner

优点
   
实用且易于安装。

缺点
   
耐热性、耐冲击性低，后期需要严格的维护，并且需要防水处理。

Advantages
Very practical installation.

Disadvantages
Low resistance to heat and low impact resistance to sharp objects. Requires strict protection and maintenance for effective contact with water.


© Bram Tack. ImageHOUSE SJ / STAARC ingenieurs en architecten


© Akihide Mishima. ImageKitchens that Double As Dining Rooms: Architectural Design Inspiration

玻璃

钢化玻璃是一种较为安全的材料，但是需要经过抗污渍和抗菌处理。其中还分为透明玻璃、半透明玻璃、肌理玻璃，以及彩色玻璃等不同选项。

Glass
When made out from tempered glass, the material can be quite safe. It can also be treated with anti-stains and antibacterial solutions. The available options include transparent, translucent, textured, and colored glass.


© Kenta Hasegawa. ImageGarage Hall House / Tsukagoshi Miyashita Sekkei + Keitarchi

优点
   
抗污渍，易于清洁与维护。可以和多种饰面结合使用。

缺点
   
使用与安装成本较高。

Advantages
Stain-resistant. Easy to clean and maintain. Combines with practically all kinds of finishes.

Disadvantages
Expensive to make and install.


© The Raws. ImageGenius Loci House / Gabriela Carrillo Valdez + tescala

滑石

滑石是一种天然石材，又名肥皂石，一般用于诊室和实验室之中，这种材料对于酸性产品有很强的抵抗力。

Steatite
Steatite is a natural stone – also known as soapstone – that is commonly used in clinics and laboratories since it is very resistant to acid products.


© Praveen Mohandas. ImageMaison Kochi / Meister Varma Architects

优点
   
持久力强。

缺点
   
相较于花岗岩等天然石材，这种材料耐热性较低，需要后期的润滑以及抛光等维护。

Advantages
One of the most long-lasting options.

Disadvantages
Has lower heat resistance than other natural stones such as granite. Requires constant maintenance, including lubrication and polishing.


© Michael Lassman. ImageLiving Screen House / CplusC Architectural Workshop


© Grant Sparkes-Carroll. ImageClerestory House / Pearson Architecture


© Nikole Ramsay. ImageBluebird Townhouses / Altereco Design


© Josefotoinmo. ImageGAS House / OOIIO Arquitectura


© Dmitry Tsyrencshikov. ImageStudio11 Minsk Office / Studio11


Triple Barn House / Mork-Ulnes Architects. Image © Bruce Damonte


Via EGGER. ImageWorktops


© Alain Brugier. ImageDijon Kitchen / Diego Revollo Arquitetura


© Brett Boardman. Image3x2≠3+3 House / panovscott


© Gabriela Sarahi. ImageCasa La Reserva / AMASArquitectos


© Emily Bartlett Photography. ImageKew Villa / McManus Lew Architects


© Mike Baker. ImageThe Courtyard House / Auhaus Architecture


© Alain Brugier. ImageDijon Kitchen / Diego Revollo Arquitetura


© Alain Brugier. ImageDijon Kitchen / Diego Revollo Arquitetura


Via Dornbracht. ImageKitchen Fittings - Elio

参考

•'Bancada de cozinha: 65 inspirações para sua casa'. https://casaeconstrucao.org/projetos/bancada-de-cozinha. Accessed July 15, 2019.
•https://projetos.habitissimo.com.br/projeto/10-tipos-de-bancadas-que-definirao-a-personalidade-de-sua-cozinha. Accessed July 15, 2019.
•https://www.homify.com.br/livros_de_ideias/4087883/8-revestimentos-de-bancadas-de-cozinha-vantagens-e-desvantagens-de-cada-tipo. Accessed July 15, 2019.